The differential diagnosis for pediatric patients with apparent transient loss of consciousness(TLOC)is a frequent challenge.True TLOC refers to a state of unawareness of a short duration(usually less than 5 min)that terminates spontaneously,during which the patient is unresponsive to speech,touch or pain and may exhibit abnormal motor activity,including jerking movements of the extremities[1].In general,the patients cannot recall the complete course of the episode,and any physical findings during the episode can only be obtained through the description of witnesses.
目的探讨小儿一过性意识丧失(transient loss of consciousness,TLOC)的病因、临床特征及鉴别诊断。方法收集2013年1月至2014年3月在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院门诊就诊或住院的106例TLOC患儿的临床资料,对其病因及临床特征进行分析总结。结果 106例患儿中,晕厥型89例(84.0%),非晕厥型17例(16.0%)。在晕厥型中,直立不耐受(orthostatic intolerance,OI)42例(39.6%),心源性晕厥(cardiac syncope,CS)16例(15.1%),境遇性晕厥1例(0.9%),不明原因晕厥30例(28.3%);在非晕厥型中,神经源性疾病5例(4.7%),心因性疾病10例(9.4%),代谢性疾病2例(1.9%)。92.9%(39/42)的OI有诱因及先兆,59.5%(25/42)意识丧失<1 min,26.2%(11/42)存在晕厥家族史。CS起病急剧,56.3%(9/16)CS在劳累时诱发,100%(16/16)心电图异常,住院期间死亡3例。10例心因性疾病中8例有明确的诱因,7例意识丧失>10 min。结论 OI是儿童TLOC最常见病因,具有明显临床特征,诊断过程中首先需排除CS,其次应注意与心因性假性晕厥及癫痫相鉴别。
