2型炎症型哮喘是由Th2细胞、2型先天淋巴样细胞(ILC2s)、嗜酸性粒细胞、肥大细胞等细胞介导的肺异质性疾病。传统治疗手段如糖皮质激素虽有效,但长期使用会产生副作用。随着生物制剂的发展,靶向药物虽然在治疗上取得了进展,但其局限性和高成本依然存在。近年来,研究表明中药及其活性成分对2型炎症型哮喘具有治疗效果。本文详细介绍了黄芪、补骨脂、贝母、钩藤、大黄、半夏等十五种中药及其活性成分在调节Th1/Th2细胞平衡、抑制炎症因子表达、减少IgE水平、改善气道炎症和重塑等方面的机制和疗效,以期为进一步的研究提供基础。Type 2 inflammatory asthma is a heterogeneous pulmonary disease mediated by Th2 cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), eosinophils, mast cells, and other cells. Although traditional treatments, such as glucocorticoids, are effective, long-term use can lead to side effects. With the development of biologics, targeted therapies have made progress in treatment, but they still have limitations and are costly. In recent years, studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its active components have therapeutic effects on type 2 inflammatory asthma. This article provides a detailed overview of the mechanisms and efficacy of fifteen kinds of TCM, including Astragalus membranaceus, Psoralea corylifolia, Fritillaria, Uncaria rhynchophylla, Rheum officinale, and Pinellia ternata, in regulating the Th1/Th2 cell balance, inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines, reducing IgE levels, and improving airway inflammation and remodeling. The goal is to provide a foundation for further research.
支气管哮喘是常见的慢性呼吸道疾病,由多种细胞及细胞组分参与。2019年,全球哮喘倡议(Global Initiative for Asthma,GINA)委员会发布的哮喘诊治指南首次提出2型炎症型哮喘的概念。GINA指南的更新演变推动了生物制剂的研发和疾病治疗,为重度哮喘患者提供有效的预防和治疗手段并改善疾病转归。本文阐述了GINA指南中2型炎症型哮喘的疾病机制及管理建议,分析了近年来2型炎症型哮喘靶向治疗的相关临床研究,以期为深入了解2型炎症型哮喘患者的3级预防管理提供参考。
