Spintronics is a field focusing on the quantum spin degree of freedom of electrons in condensed matter physics and information technology.One of the major tasks in this field is to explore and utilize exotic magnetoelectronic effects,which are electrical outputs yielded by the variation of spin vectors or vice versa.For example,the anisotropic magnetoresistance effect is a prototypical magnetoelectronic effect,as the rotation of the magnetic vector of a magnetic material can yield a change in its resistivity.This effect is based on the resulting anisotropic density of states relative to the orientation of the magnetic vector due to the relativistic spin–orbit coupling and the potential distribution of defects.
