CS spray (2-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile 5%w/v inmethyl isobutyl ketone) has been used by the police force in the UK as an incapacitant for nearly a decade. It causes a number of wellrecognized cutaneous reactions, which are generally regarded as short-lived. These include skin burning, erythema and blistering. However, a range of unpredictable cutaneous reactions to CS spray may also occur. We have found contact allergy, leukoderma, initiation or exacerbation of seborrhoeic dermatitis, and aggravation of rosacea following CS spray exposure in 6 police officers and 1 doorman. These skin reactions have required long-term changes in working practice for the affected individuals. Police officers may have repeated exposure to CS spray during their training and in their work, and designated police officers carry CS spray canisters daily in the line of duty. They may therefore be at greater risk of exposure to CS spray and its unintended effects than many assailants.Chemical exposure and symptoms of hand dermatitis in construction
家畜对布氏菌出现的非特异性血清凝集反应,对正确制订予防家畜布病的措施、外调家畜时的常规检疫、评价各种予防措施的效果及疫情监测等具有重要意义,用标准血清凝集试验(SAT)检查牛布病时,经常出现非特异性反应,当用乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)改良的SAT 时,能将大约80%和76%的 SAT 单项阳性牛反应排除。这种改良的 SAT
