Information flow among auditory and language processing-related regions implicated in the pathophysiology of auditory verbal hallucinations(AVHs) in schizophrenia(SZ) remains unclear. In this study, we used stochastic dynamic causal modeling(s DCM) to quantify connections among the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(inner speech monitoring), auditory cortex(auditory processing), hippocampus(memory retrieval), thalamus(information filtering), and Broca's area(language production) in 17 first-episode drug-na?¨ve SZ patients with AVHs, 15 without AVHs, and 19 healthy controls using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.Finally, we performed receiver operating characteristic(ROC) analysis and correlation analysis between image measures and symptoms. s DCM revealed an increasedsensitivity of auditory cortex to its thalamic afferents and a decrease in hippocampal sensitivity to auditory inputs in SZ patients with AVHs. The area under the ROC curve showed the diagnostic value of these two connections to distinguish SZ patients with AVHs from those without AVHs. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between the strength of the connectivity from Broca's area to the auditory cortex and the severity of AVHs. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, augmented AVHspecific excitatory afferents from the thalamus to the auditory cortex in SZ patients, resulting in auditory perception without external auditory stimuli. Our results provide insights into the neural mechanisms underlying AVHs in SZ. This thalamic-auditory cortical-hippocampal dysconnectivity may also serve as a diagnostic biomarker of AVHs in SZ and a therapeutic target based on direct in vivo evidence.
目的研究免服泻药管电压切换型双能CT结肠成像低浓度小剂量泛影葡胺标记肠内容物的效果。方法 46例没有影响胃肠道运动功能病史的健康成年志愿者,CT检查前1天低纤维、低残渣饮食,分5次口服4.0%泛影葡胺60mL标记肠内容物,每餐后喝水量大于200mL。采用Toshiba医疗系统Aquilion One 640管电压切换型CT机仰卧位双能容积扫描,获得双能融合图像。统计分析志愿者肠道准备依从性、肠内容物存留状态及肠内容物的1级标记效果。结果 95.7%、4.3%的志愿者肠道准备依从性分别为容易接受、尚可接受。11.2%肠段没有液体和固体内容物存留,44.9%、43.9%肠段分别以液体、固体内容物存留为主。升结肠、横结肠、降结肠内容物的1级标记效果分别为91.3%、100.0%、93.5%,盲肠、乙状结肠、直肠内容物的1级标记效果分别为67.4%、80.4%、73.9%。升结肠、横结肠、降结肠内容物总体上的1级标记效果(94.9%)明显好于盲肠、乙状结肠、直肠内容物总体上的1级标记效果(73.9%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。液体肠内容物的1级标记效果(96.7%)明显好于固体肠内容物的1级标记效果(67.8%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论免服泻药管电压切换型双能CT结肠成像低浓度小剂量泛影葡胺对升结肠、横结肠、降结肠内容物及液体肠内容物的标记效果良好。
