Current-voltage measurements obtained from lead zirconate titanate/nickel bilayered hollow cylindrical magne-toelectric composite showed that a sinusoidal current applied to the copper coil wrapped around the hollow cylinder circumference induces voltage across the lead zirconate titanate layer thickness. The current-voltage coefficient and the maximum induced voltage in lead zirconate titanate at 1 kHz and resonance (60.1 kHz) frequencies increased linearly with the number of the coil turns and the applied current. The resonance frequency corresponds to the electromechanical resonance frequency. The current-voltage coefficient can be significantly improved by optimizing the magnetoelectric structure geometry and/or increasing the number of coil turns. Hollow cylindrical lead zirconate titanate/nickel struc-tures can be potentially used as current sensors.
The effects of heating rate (ranging from 50 to 300 ℃/s) during the final annealing process on microstructure evolution and magnetic properties of cold rolled non-oriented electrical steel were investigated. It was found that increasing heating rate increased the nucleation temperature and complete recrystallization temperature. At the same time, heating rate increasing could cause the substantially refined structures for the recrystallization grains and this grain refinement would decline when the heating rate was beyond 50 ℃/s. The recrystallization texture exhibited pronounced improvement with heating rate, such as the intensity decrease of <111>ND (normal direction) fiber and the intensity increase of {110}<001> Goss texture component. The texture improvement and grain size refinement caused by heating rate increasing resulted in complicated variation of the magnetic properties. The magnetic induction (B50) keeps increasing while heating rate increases from 15 to 300 ℃/s which is due to the recrystallized texture optimization caused by rapid heating. The core losses (P1.5/50) decrease while heating rate increases from 15 to 100 ℃/s; however, the core losses would increase when heating rate is higher than 100 ℃/s, which is caused by the mean grain size refinement after rapid heating annealing. The results indicate that recrystallization texture and the magnetic properties of the non-oriented electrical steel can be improved definitely by rapid heating during the final annealing treatment.
WANG JianLI JunWANG Xin-fengTIAN Jian-junZHANG Cai-hongZHANG Shen-gen
Bonded Terfenol-D composites,with high electrical resistivity and low eddy current loss,can be used in an alternating magnetic field with high frequency.However,the nonmagnetic binder impairs the magnetostriction of the composites.To achieve high magnetostriction and low eddy current loss,the mixture of the alloy powder and binder was compressed at low pressure in an oriented magnetic field.After this,the aligned samples were recompressed by cold isostatic pressing(CIP).Besides,the effect of particle size on the magnetostriction of the bonded Terfenol-D composites was also studied.The results showed that the bonded Terfenol-D composites had excellent magnetostriction when the particle size was 50-80 μm.The oriented magnetic field and CIP could improve the magnetostriction of the bonded composites,which reaches 1020×10-6.The bonded Terfenol-D composites had good compact structure and high density(7.24 g/cm3).The magnetic loss of the bonded Terfenol-D composites was 192 mW/cm3 at a frequency of 100 kHz in a magnetic field of 960 A/m,which was about one third of that of casting Terfenol-D alloys.
TIAN Jianjun,ZUO Zhijun,PAN De’an,and ZHANG Shengen School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China
