目的探讨膳食鱼类摄入与心血管危险因素的关系。方法以志愿者形式招募广州市40~65岁居民,采用膳食频数问卷法(food frequency questionnaire,FFQ)调查对象的膳食摄入情况,测量身高、体质量、腰围、臀围(计算体质指数(Body Mass Index,BMI)、腰臀比(waist-to-hip ratio,WHR),血压,空腹血脂,凝血功能(包括凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT)及其国际标准化比率(prothrombin time internatioanal normalizedratio,PTINR)),心电图检查QT间期(QTc)及B超检测颈动脉血管壁内中膜厚度(intima-media thickness,IMT),分析海鱼、淡水鱼摄入量与心血管疾病危险因素之间的关系。结果共招募对象459名,(男174人、女性285)。随着海鱼摄入频率增加,对象血浆总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c)有升高的趋势(P<0.05),PT、PTINR有减少的趋势(P<0.05),在校正了混杂因素后,差异仍具有统计学意义。未观察到海鱼摄入频率与BMI、腰臀比、QTc等指标之间的相关性。随着淡水鱼摄入频率的增加,QTc有降低的趋势(P<0.05),在校正了混杂因素后,仍具有统计学差异,每周吃8.3次比每周吃1.0次淡水鱼的人,QTc降低了4.4%。未观察到淡水鱼的摄入频率与血脂、凝血酶原时间及IMT之间存在关联。结论提示对于广州市中老年人来说,海水鱼摄入频率与TC、LDL-C正相关,淡水鱼摄入频率与QTc负相关。
Objective To investigate the relationships between erythrocyte membrane n‐6:n‐3 PUFAs ratio and blood lipids and high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP).Methods The observational study consisted of a population‐based cross‐sectional study of 456 Chinese and a subsequent 1‐year follow‐up study of 171 subjects with the fasting plasma total cholesterol of 5.13‐8.00 mmol/L.Results In the cross‐sectional analysis,plasma low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c) had a significant and negative association with the erythrocyte membrane n‐6:n‐3 PUFAs ratio (P for trend=0.019) after adjusting for sex,age and total PUFA percentage.In the follow‐up study,171 subjects were categorized into quartiles by the changes of n‐6:n‐3 ratio in erythrocyte membrane (△=month 12‐month 0).In the top quartile whose ratios of n‐6:n‐3 increased by an average of 1.25 during the follow‐up,the LDL‐c‐lowering extent was 3.3 times of that in the lowest quartile whose ratios of n‐6:n‐3 decreased by an average of 1.13 (‐1.07 mmol/L v.s.‐0.32 mmol/L).The hsCRP decreased by 0.11 mg/dL in the lowest quartile while increasing by 0.10 mg/dL in the top quartile (P for difference=0.052).Conclusion Our results suggested that the balance between n‐6 and n‐3 fatty acids may optimize the cardiovascular benefits from dietary PUFAs.
