Based on the rate equations describing the erbium-doped fluoride glass(ZBLAN) fibre lasers with different pumping configurations being taken into account,this paper presents theoretical calculations related to the dynamic population density and the operation performance of a high power mid-infrared all-fibre erbium-doped ZBLAN fibre laser.It shows that the ground-state absorption,excited-state absorption and energy-transfer-upconversion processes co-exist and produce a population balance,causing the laser to operate stably at a continuous wave state.A good agreement between the theoretical results and recent experimental measurement is obtained.Furthermore,the laser structure parameters including fibre length,reflectance of output fibre Bragg grating and pumping configurations are quantitatively optimised to achieve the best performance.The results show,as expected,that the slope efficiency of the fibre laser can be improved significantly through optimisation,which then provides an important guide for the design of high-performance mid-infrared erbium-doped ZBLAN fibre lasers.
We present the design of an electro-optic filter with polarization insensitivity based on a long period waveguide grating. The filter exhibits an ultra-large wavelength tuning range of exceeding 35 nm and covering the whole C band (1530 to 1565 nm) in a bias voltage range from ?84 to 84 V. In the whole tuning range, the transmission coefficients for quasi TE modes are over 97% and the 3 dB bandwidths are below 0.8 nm. The wavelength sensitivity to the tunable voltage is about 0.208 nm/V. This electro-optic filter can be used in dynamic WDM networks for fast wavelength scanning/selection, communication channel reconfiguration, and optical switching.
GUO XiaoWei ZHANG XiaoXia LI HePing LIU Yong LIU YongZhi
