The properties of the confined liquid are dramatically different from those of the bulk state, which were reviewed in the present work. We performed large-scale molecular dynamics simulations and full-atom nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the shear response of the confined simple liquid as well as the n-hexadecane ultrathin films. The shear viscosity of the confined simple liquid increases with the decrease of the film thickness. Apart from the well-known ordered structure, the confined n-hexadecane exhibited a transition from 7 layers to 6 in our simulations while undergoing an increasing shear velocity. Various slip regimes of the confined n-hexadecane were obtained. Viscosity coefficients of individual layers were examined and the results revealed that the local viscosity coefficient varies with the distance from the wall. The individual n-hexadecane layers showed the shear-thinning behaviors which can be correlated with the occurrence of the slip. This study aimed at elucidating the detailed shear response of the confined liquid and may be used in the design and application of micro- and nano-devices.
Electroplated Cu,which can be compatible with integrated circuit technology and large-scale silicon wafers,is explored as a substrate to synthesize graphene domains by ambient-pressure chemical vapor deposition.Hexagonal single crystal domains of graphene are synthesized on electroplated Cu under dilute methane gas flow.Scanning electron microscopy images of graphene domains grown on electroplated Cu indicate that the domain size is time-dependent,and the domains can cross Cu grain boundaries and are distributed more uniformly on electroplated Cu surface than those grown on Cu foil.
In the framework of continuum thermodynamics, the present paper presents the thermo-hyperelastic models for both the surface and the bulk of nanostructured materials, in which the residual stresses are taken into account. Due to the existence of residual stresses, different configuration descriptions of the surface (or the bulk) thermo-hyperelastic constitutive equations are not the same even in the cases of infinitesimal deformation. As an example, the effective thermal expansion coefficient of spherical nanoparticles is analyzed.
