Soil respiration is an important component of terrestrial carbon budget. Its accurate evaluation is es- sential to the study of terrestrial carbon source/sink. Studies on soil respiration at present mostly focus on the temporal variations and the controlling factors of soil respiration, but its spatial variations and controlling factors draw less attention. Moreover, the evaluation models for soil respiration at present include only the effects of water and heat factors, while the biological and soil factors controlling soil respiration and their interactions with water and heat factors have not been considered yet. These models are not able to accurately evaluate soil respiration in different vegetation/terrestrial ecosystems at different temporal and spatial scales. Thus, a general evaluation model for soil respiration (GEMSR) including the interacting meteorological (water and heat factors), soil nutrient and biological factors is suggested in this paper, and the basic procedure developing GEMSR and the research tasks of soil respiration in the future are also discussed.
ZHOU GuangSheng, JIA BingRui, HAN GuangXuan & ZHOU Li Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
植物光合产物分配受环境因子和生物因子的共同影响。为增进对植物对全球变化响应的理解,从植物个体水平与群落/生态系统水平综述了植物光合产物分配的影响因子与影响机理的最新研究进展。植物个体在光照增强及受水分和养分胁迫时,会将光合产物更多地分配到根系;CO2浓度升高对植物光合产物分配的影响受土壤氮素的制约,植物受氮素胁迫时,CO2浓度升高会促进光合产物更多地分配到根系;反之,对植物光合产物分配没有影响。植物群落/生态系统的光合产物分配对环境因子的响应不敏感;光合产物向根系的分配比例随其生长阶段逐渐降低。功能平衡假说、源汇关系假说和相关生长关系假说分别从环境因子、个体发育和环境因子与个体发育协同作用方面阐述了植物光合产物分配的影响机理。在此基础上,指出了未来拟重点加强的研究方向:1)生态系统尺度的光合产物向呼吸部分的分配研究;2)地下净初级生产力(belowground net primary productivity,BNPP)研究;3)温室和野外条件下及幼苗和成熟林光合产物分配对环境因子响应的比较研究;4)生态系统尺度的多因子控制试验;5)整合环境因子和个体发育对植物光合产物分配格局的影响研究。
