Based on linear interval equations, an accurate interval finite element method for solving structural static problems with uncertain parameters in terms of optimization is discussed.On the premise of ensuring the consistency of solution sets, the original interval equations are equivalently transformed into some deterministic inequations.On this basis, calculating the structural displacement response with interval parameters is predigested to a number of deterministic linear optimization problems.The results are proved to be accurate to the interval governing equations.Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.
To investigate the transient aeroelastic responses and flutter characteristics of a variablespan wing during the morphing process,a novel frst-order state-space aeroelastic model is proposed.The time-varying structural model of the morphing wing is established based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory with time-dependent boundary conditions.A nondimensionalization method is used to translate the time-dependent boundary conditions to be time-independent.The time-domain aerodynamic forces are calculated by the reduced-order unsteady vortex lattice method.The morphing parameters,i.e.,wing span length and morphing speed,are of particular interest for understanding the fundamental aeroelastic behavior of variable-span wings.A test case is proposed and numerical results indicate that the flutter characteristics are sensitive to both of the two morphing parameters.It could be noticed that the aeroelastic characteristics during the wing extracting process are more serious than those during the extending process at the same morphing speed by transient aeroelastic response analysis.In addition,a faster morphing process can get better aeroelastic performance while the mechanism comlexity will arise.
A novel method for the static analysis of structures with interval parameters under uncertain loads is proposed, which overcomes the inherent conservatism introduced by the conventional interval analysis due to ignoring the dependency phenomenon. Instead of capturing the extremum of the structural static responses in the entire space spanned by uncertain parameters, their lower and upper bounds are calculated at the minimal and maximal point vectors obtained dimension by dimension with respect to uncertain parameters based on the Legend orthogonal polynomial approximation, overcoming the potential engineering insignificance caused by the optimization strategy. After performing its theoretical analysis, both the accuracy and applicability of the proposed method are verified.
An attempt has been made here to evaluate the effect of thermal exposure on the mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of carbon fiber composite sandwich panel with pyramidal truss core under axial compression.Analytical formulae for the collapse strength of composite sandwich panel after thermal exposure were derived.Axial compression tests of composite laminates and sandwich panels after thermal exposure were conducted at room temperature to assess the degradation caused by the thermal exposure.Experimental results showed that the failure of sandwich panel are not only temperature dependent,but are time dependent as well.The decrease in residual compressive strength is mainly attributed to the degradation of the matrix and the degradation of fibere-matrix interface,as well as the formation of cracks and pores when specimens are exposed to high temperature.The measured failure loads obtained in the experiments showed reasonable agreement with the analytical predictions.
Based on the combination of stochastic mathematics and conventional finite difference method,a new numerical computing technique named stochastic finite difference for solving heat conduction problems with random physical parameters,initial and boundary conditions is discussed.Begin with the analysis of steady-state heat conduction problems,difference discrete equations with random parameters are established,and then the computing formulas for the mean value and variance of temperature field are derived by the second-order stochastic parameter perturbation method.Subsequently,the proposed random model and method are extended to the field of transient heat conduction and the new analysis theory of stability applicable to stochastic difference schemes is developed.The layer-by-layer recursive equations for the first two probabilistic moments of the transient temperature field at different time points are quickly obtained and easily solved by programming.Finally,by comparing the results with traditional Monte Carlo simulation,two numerical examples are given to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the presented method for solving both steady-state and transient heat conduction problems.
A series of compression tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of carbon fiber composite sandwich panels using pyramidal truss cores subjected to temperatures ranging from 100℃ to 350℃.The compressive strength and stiffness of sandwich panels decreased as temperature increased.Cryogenic temperatures caused an increase in strength and stiffness,while elevated temperatures resulted in a reduction of strength and stiffness.The effect of temperature on the failure mode of the sandwich panel was revealed as well.The interface between the fiber and matrix was examined by a scanning electron microscope(SEM) in order to study the effect of temperature on strengthening the mechanism and good bonding conditions within the fiber-matrix interface was observed at cryogenic temperatures.The comparison of the predicted and experimental data indicated that the stiffness and strength of the composite sandwich panels for temperature variation was consistent.
Free vibration problems of lattice sandwich beams under several typical boundary conditions are investigated in the present paper.The lattice sandwich beam is transformed to an equivalent homogeneous three-layered sandwich beam.Unlike the traditional analytical model in which the rotation angles of the face sheets and the core are assumed the same,diferent rotation angles are considered in this paper to characterize the real response of sandwich beams.The analytical solutions of the natural frequencies for several typical boundary conditions are obtained.The efects of material properties and geometric parameters on the natural frequencies are also investigated.
