采用3×4双因素实验设计,以初始质量为(8.06±0.08)g的大菱鲆幼鱼(Scophthalmus maximus L.)为对象,研究在饲料中添加3种糖源(葡萄糖、蔗糖和糊精)及4个水平(0、5%、15%、28%)对大菱鲆肝脏糖酵解关键酶己糖激酶(HK)、葡萄糖激酶(GK)、磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)和糖异生关键酶磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)、1,6-二磷酸果糖酶(FBPase)活性的影响。结果表明:饲料糖添加量从0升高到15%时,大菱鲆的糖酵解酶GK和PK活性随饲料葡萄糖或糊精含量的增加而增加;当饲料中葡萄糖或糊精含量为28%时,GK和PK活性有下降的趋势。3种糖源的4个添加水平对HK和PFK活性均无显著影响(P>0.05)。添加不同水平的葡萄糖对大菱鲆糖异生途径的PEPCK活性无显著影响(P>0.05),但在饲料中葡萄糖添加量为5%时显著促进了FBPase活性(P<0.05),当葡萄糖添加量升高为15%或28%时,FBPase活性与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。糊精作为饲料糖源时抑制了大菱鲆肝脏FBPase和PEPCK的活性,而添加不同水平的蔗糖对FBPase和PEPCK活性的影响均不显著(P>0.05)。总的来说,从大菱鲆幼鱼肝脏糖代谢角度而言,在饲料中添加15%的葡萄糖或糊精时,可以有效促进大菱鲆肝脏糖酵解能力;较添加葡萄糖,糊精在促进大菱鲆肝脏糖酵解的同时对糖异生存在一定程度的抑制。蔗糖作为饲料糖源时,仅在添加量为28%时显著促进糖酵解酶GK活性,糖酵解其他酶活性以及糖异生酶活性均不受蔗糖水平的显著影响。
A 9-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratio(CHO:LIP) on the growth performance and feed utilization of juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus(initial body weight 8.75 g ± 0.04 g). Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic low protein level(39%) diets were formulated with increasing ratios of dietary carbohydrate to lipid(2:18, 6:18, 18:12 and 28:6). A high protein level(50%) diet with the 2:12 ratio of carbohydrate to lipid was used as the control. Results showed that the survival rate, contents of moisture, crude protein and ash in muscle were not significantly affected by dietary treatments. With the dietary CHO:LIP ratio increased from 2:18 to 18:12, weight gain rate significantly increased(P < 0.05). Higher dietary CHO:LIP ratio(28:6) resulted in the significantly decreased weight gain rate(P < 0.05). Meanwhile, this treatment also resulted in the highest daily feed intake and liver glycogen content, as well as the lowest feed efficiency(P < 0.05). Muscle glycogen content in fish fed the diet with 2:12 or 2:18 CHO:LIP ratio was significantly lower than those fed with the other three diets(P < 0.05). The present results confirmed that the juvenile turbot can utilize carbohydrate. Furthermore, the appropriate ratio of dietary carbohydrate to lipid was important to the growth and feed utilization of turbot. The proper CHO:LIP ratio based on the growth performance in the present study was determined to be 18:12 when the dietary protein level was 39%.
Soybean stachyose (SBS) and phytic acid (PA) are anti-nutritional factors (ANF) which have deleterious effects on the growth and digestibility in fish. The present research studied the effects of dietary SBS and PA on the expression of three serine protease genes in the liver of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). These genes are trypsinogen 1 (poTRY), elastase 1 (poEL) and chymotrypsinogen 1 (poCTRY). Eight artificial diets with graded levels of supplemented ANFs were formulated to 4 levels of SBS (0.00, 0.40, 0.80 and 1.50%), 4 levels of PA (0.00, 0.20, 0.40 and 0.80), respectively.Japanese flounder (initial weight 2.45 g ± 0.01 g) were fed with these diets for 10 weeks with three replications per treatment. At the end of 10 weeks, supplementation of 0.40% of dietary SBS or PA significantly increased the gene expression of poTRY and poCTRY (P<0.05). The same level of dietary SBS significantly decreased the gene expression of poEL. In comparison with the control group (ANF-free),dietary PA (0.2% and 0.8%) significantly decreased the gene expression of poTRY, poCTRY and poEL (P<0.05). However, excessive supplement of dietary SBS (1.5%) has no significant effects on these gene expressions (P>0.05). These results suggested that dietary SBS and dietary PA could directly affect the serine protease genes at the transcriptional level in Japanese flounder, and these genes'expression was more sensitive to dietary PA than to SBS under the current experimental conditions.
MI Haifeng MAI Kangsen ZHANG Wenbing WU Chenglong CAI Yinghua
