为探讨猪链球菌2型(Streptococcus suis type 2,SS2)感染过程中对血液红细胞(RBC)损害及其机理,本研究采取无特定病原微生物感染的猪血液制备RBC悬液,根据预试验选用SS2∶RBC感染比(MOI)为100的SS2,分别体外感染RBC 0.5、1、1.5、2 h,光镜下观察BRC的形态变化;用G iem sa染色、CF D A-SE荧光标记检测SS2对红细胞的黏附和损伤,流式细胞仪分析不同作用时间的黏附率,real-time PCR检测SS2相关黏附因子溶菌酶释放蛋白(MRP)、荚膜多糖(CPS)、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDH)、纤连蛋白和纤维蛋白结合蛋白(FBPS)及溶血因子溶血素(Sly)的转录水平。结果显示,SS2感染后第0.5~1小时,其主要黏附RBC,细胞呈现棘突样病变,少量细胞肿胀,出现轻微溶血,黏附率分别为18.7%和46.3%;感染后第1.5小时,SS2不仅可以黏附RBC,且多数细胞溶血,RBC开始发生破裂,黏附率可达到91.7%;感染后第2小时,细胞几乎全部破裂。MRP和CPS2J转录水平在感染后第0.5~1小时增高,并与黏附率呈正相关,感染后第2小时表达水平下降;Sly转录水平在感染后第0.5~2小时持续增加,与溶血现象呈正相关;GAPDH和FBPS在感染过程中变化不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明,SS2感染早期可对RBC产生黏附和溶血作用,先为黏附作用,后为溶血作用,且作用过程较快;主要参与黏附因子为MRP和CPS2J,溶血因子为Sly;GAPDH和FBPS是否参与SS2对RBC的黏附与溶血仍需证实;本试验结果为研究SS2传播和致病机制提供了重要的理论依据。
Foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV)can infect domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals.The non-structural protein 3D plays an important role in FMDV replication and pathogenesis.However,the interaction partners of 3D,and the effects of those interactions on FMDV replication,remain incompletely elucidated.In the present study,using the yeast two-hybrid system,we identified a porcine cell protein,DEAD-box RNA helicase 1(DDX1),which interacted with FMDV 3D.The DDX1-3D interaction was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation experiments and an indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA)in porcine kidney 15(PK-15)cells.DDX1 was reported to either inhibit or facilitate viral replication and regulate host innate immune responses.However,the roles of DDX1 during FMDV infection remain unclear.Our results revealed that DDX1 inhibited FMDV replication in an ATPase/helicase activity-dependent manner.In addition,DDX1 stimulated IFN-p activation in FMDV-infected cells.Together,our results expand the body of knowledge regarding the role of DDX1 in FMDV infection.
Qiao XueHuisheng LiuQiaoying ZengHaixue ZhengQinghong XueXuepeng Cai
