以湖北某铜矿尾矿库为主要研究对象,采集库内尾矿样品11个、对照样某小型废弃尾矿库尾矿样品2个和附近耕地土壤样品1个,采用变性梯度凝胶电泳方法对上述样品中细菌的16S r RNA V3~V6可变区扩增片段进行分析,利用分析得到的图谱数据与所测得样品的理化性质及重金属Cu、Zn含量进行相关性及冗余度(RDA)分析.结果表明,尾矿库内Cu、Zn污染严重并波及周边,与尾矿样品的理化性质存在不同的相关性,其中Zn的污染程度与有机质存在极显著正相关[R=0.668(P<0.01)].DGGE图谱分析结果发现,样品细菌多样性较低,相似性较高(最低相似度53.1%),优势菌群相对稳定,PCA分析表明,Cu和Zn对细菌多样性具有抑制作用.RDA分析结果说明Cu和Zn的含量对细菌种群分布影响很大,Cu对大部分种群具有抑制作用,而Zn一方面能促进某些种属数量,另一方面又能抑制其他种群的结构变化,这种影响并不是实验室研究的简单线性关系.
The effects of sericite particle size,rotation speed,and leaching temperature on sericite dissolution and copper extraction in a chalcopyrite bioleaching system were examined. Finer particles,appropriate temperature and rotation speed for Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans resulted in a higher Al^(3+) dissolution concentration. The Al^(3+) dissolution concentration reached its highest concentration of 38.66 mg/L after 48-d leaching when the sericite particle size,temperature,and rotation speed were-43 μm,30°C,and 160 r/min,respectively. Meanwhile,the sericite particle size,rotation speed,and temperature can affect copper extraction. The copper extraction rate is higher when the sericite particle size is finer. An appropriately high temperature is favorable for copper leaching. The dissolution of sericite fitted the shrinking core model,1 –(2/3)a –(1 – a)^(2/3) = k_1 t,which indicates that internal diffusion is the decision step controlling the overall reaction rate in the leaching process. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed small precipitates covered on the surface of sericite after leaching,which increased the diffusion resistance of the leaching solution and dissolved ions.
Two different types of chalcopyrite (pyritic chalcopyrite and porphyry chalcopyrite) were bioleached with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATF6. The bioleaching of the pyritic chalcopyrite and porphyry chalcopyrite is quite differ- ent. The copper extraction reaches 46.96% for the pyritic chalcopyrite after 48-d leaching, but it is only 14.50% for the porphyry chalcopyrite. Proper amounts of initial ferrous ions can improve the efficiency of copper extraction for the two different types of chalcopyrite. The optimum dosage of ferrous ions for the pyritic chalcopyrite and porphyry chalcopyrite is different. The adsorption of ATF6 on the pyritic chalcopyrite and porphyry chalcopyrite was also studied in this paper. It is found that ATF6 is selectively adsorbed by the two different types of chalcopyrite; the higher adsorption onto the pyritic chalcopyrite than the porphyry chalcopyrite leads to the higher copper dissolution rate of the pyritic chalcopyrite. In addition, the zeta-potential of chalcopyrite before and after bioleaching further confirms that ATF6 is more easily adsorbed onto the pyritic chalcopyrite.
以嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidthiobacillus ferrooxidans,简称At.f菌,FN811931)为研究对象,探讨了Mg^(2+)对其氧化活性的影响规律,并采用Zeta电位及红外光谱分析,考察了其影响的内在机制.结果表明:在Mg^(2+)质量浓度小于5.0g/L的体系中,培养35h时,p H值从培养初期的2.00左右下降到1.70左右,氧化还原电位从培养初期的390 m V左右上升到600 m V以上,Fe^(2+)氧化率接近100%,细菌生长达到旺盛期;当Mg^(2+)质量浓度超过5.0 g/L时,体系p H值下降速率、氧化还原电位上升速率、Fe^(2+)氧化率、细菌生长速率均降低,且Mg^(2+)质量浓度越大,影响效果越显著.Zeta电位测试结果表明,20.0 g/L镁离子作用下细菌等电点为3.6,高于9K培养基中细菌的等电点2.7,这从宏观上解释了细菌细胞壁结构的变化;红外光谱测试结果显示,Mg^(2+)作用下,细菌细胞壁中的官能团发生了交联作用,导致吸收峰N—H的消失和—OH、—C‖O、—CH3、—CH2、—P‖O、—CN的偏移,致使细胞壁表面蛋白质结构发生变化,进而影响了细菌的氧化活性.
