Top structure and basement will confront the risk of being damaged on account of large stress and strain fields incurred by differential uplift and settlement between inner column and diaphragm wall in top-down method. Top-down excavation of the Metro Line 10 in Shanghai was modeled with finite element analysis software ABAQUS and parameters of subsoil were obtained by inverse analysis. Based on the finite element model and parameters, changes in the following factors were made to find more effective methods to restrain differential uplift and settlement: length of diaphragm wall, thickness of jet-grouting reinforcement layer, ways of subsoil reinforcement, sequence of pit excavation, connection between slabs and diaphragm wall or column and width of pit. Several significant results are acquired. The longer the diaphragm wall is, the greater the differential uplift between column and diaphragm wall is. Rigidity of roof slab is in general not strong enough to keep diaphragm wall and column undergoing the same uplift during excavation; Uplift at head of column and differential uplift between column and diaphragm wall decrease when subsoil from-16.6 to-43 m in pit is reinforced through jet-grouting. But, as excavation proceeds to a lower level, benefit from soil reinforcement diminishes. During the process applying vertical load, the larger the depth of diaphragm wall is, the smaller the settlement is at head of column and diaphragm wall, and the greater the differential settlement is between column and diaphragm wall. When friction connection is implemented between column, diaphragm wall and floor slabs, uplifts at head of column and diaphragm wall are larger than those of the case when tie connection is implemented, and so does differential uplift between column and diaphragm wall. The maximum deflection of diaphragm wall decreases by 58% on account of soil reinforcement in pit. The maximum deflection of diaphragm wall decreases by 61.2% when friction connection is implemented instead of tie connection.
降雨通常易导致土质边坡的滑动、失稳,降雨对基坑特别是软土条件下的基坑的影响研究较少。针对天津市某基坑展开实测,开挖结束后在没有其他施工条件下,连续3 d 247 mm降雨导致基坑支护桩顶水平位移增加13.75 mm,因此研究降雨入渗诱发软土基坑变形的机理具有十分重要的意义。首先进行降雨的入渗深度及对非饱和黏土物理力学性质影响室内试验,在此基础上结合工程实测,采用Plaxis2D有限元分析软件建立二维软土基坑模型,分析了降雨对软土基坑支护结构变形的影响机理,主要对比了降雨强度、降雨时长、降雨量对基坑支护结构变形的影响,以及开挖深度、桩顶初始位移、支护形式不同对降雨的敏感程度。结果表明:降雨对软土基坑支护结构变形影响主要因素为坑外杂填土重度增加、坑内土体软化、渗流作用,降雨量是对基坑支护变形影响较大的因素;降雨产生的支护结构位移增量受支护结构初始位移影响最大,而基坑开挖深度对相同降雨条件下支护结构变形增量影响差异不大。
