The problems of ITRF2008,the latest International Terrestrial Reference Frame,are pointed out and analyzed as follows:(1) ITRF is not a mm-level Terrestrial Reference Frame;(2) the origin of ITRF is neither the Earth's center of mass (CM) nor the center of figure (CF);(3) the scale of ITRF is not a uniform system in the sense of the gravitational theory of relativity.These problems result from the linear hypothesis used in the establishment and maintenance of ITRF,which includes the linear hypothesis of the coordinates definition of the ITRF reference stations,and the seven coordinate transformation parameters (three translation parameters,three rotation parameters,and one scale parameter) when the ITRF combine solution is constructed.The linear hypothesis of the ITRF construction leads to the current terrestrial reference frame only at the cm-level,which cannot satisfy the requirements of monitoring mm-level crust movements as well as the global environment.This article points out that the construction of a mm-level Terrestrial Reference Frame is actually a leap from linear to nonlinear.Therefore,according to the main characteristics of nonlinear changes of the crust's deformation,the geocenter motion and the overall height fluctuation of the Earth,the new ITRF station coordinates definition and the new observation equations of combined solutions are constructed for the realization of a mm-level nonlinear ITRF,which can solve the problems of the current ITRF.
本文指出了最新的国际地球参考框架ITRF(International Terrestrial Reference Frame)2005已不能满足当今毫米级地球动态变化监测的需要.提出了利用ITRF2005、SBL/GGFC(Special Bureau for Loading/GlobalGeophysical Fluids Center)和GRACE(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment)等卫星的最新成果,构建毫米级地球参考框架的方案,介绍了对其两个关键问题:地壳非线性运动特征△X_R^i(t)和地球质心运动△X_0(t)的空间技术(GPS,VLBI,SLR和GRACE)监测和地球物理因素模制的方法和一些初步结果,并对目前建立和实现毫米级地球参考框架存在的问题和所能达到的精度进行了初步评估.
The tropospheric delay is one of the main error sources for radio navigation technologies and other ground-or space-based earth observation systems. In this paper, the spatial and temporal variations of the zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD), especially their dependence on altitude over China region, are analyzed using ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast) pressure-level atmospheric data in 2004 and the ZTD series in 1999-2007 measured at 28 GPS stations from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONC). A new tropospheric delay correction model (SHAO) is derived and a regional realization of this model for China region named SHAO-C is established. In SHAO-C model, ZTD is modeled directly by a cosine function together with an initial value and an amplitude at a reference height in each grid, and the variation of ZTD along altitude is fitted with a second-order polynomial. The coefficients of SHAO-C are generated using the meteorology data in China area and given at two degree latitude and longitude interval, featuring regional characteristics in order to facilitate a wide range of navigation and other surveying applications in and around China. Compared with the EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) model, which has been used globally and recommended by the European Union Wide Area Augmentation System, the ZTD prediction (in form of spatial and temporal projection) accuracy of the SHAO-C model is significantly improved over China region, especially at stations of higher altitudes. The reasons for the improvement are: (1) the reference altitude of SHAO-C parameters are given at the average height of each grid, and (2) more detailed description of complicated terrain variations in China is incorporated in the model. Therefore, the accumulated error at higher altitude can be reduced considerably. In contrast, the ZTD has to be calculated from the mean sea level with EGNOS and other models. Compared with the direct estimation of ZTD from the 28 GPS stations, the accur
根据高精度卫星导航定位的实际需要,介绍了利用中国GPS区域网双频相位平滑伪距实测数据,准实时监测区域网电离层电子总含量(TEC)变化和GPS卫星硬件延迟(DCB)的方法和结果.着重研究了区域网独立测定DCB的可靠性,利用中国境内的GPS站点分别构造了3个大小不同的区域网,通过实测DCB和垂直电子总含量(VTEC)与CODE(Center for Orbit Determination in Europe)结果的比对表明:为了获得区域网准实时测定DCB的可靠结果,对区域网的大小有一定的要求;利用中国GPS区域网,准实时测定的VTEC和DCB的比较精度可达2.0 TECu和0.25 ns.
