为研究不同养殖时期刺参Apostichopus japonicus肠道内的细菌菌群结构,采用PCR-DGGE技术对DGGE凝胶中的主要条带进行切割、回收、克隆、测序。结果表明：3、4、5、6、9、10月,大连瓦房店海区养殖刺参肠道内细菌16S r DNA-V3可变区序列经PCR扩增及DGGE电泳后分别获得49、49、54、53、52、51个条带;3月与9月的菌群结构相似度最高,为67.9%,4月与10月次之,为63.8%;经条带序列分析得到43个主要条带对应的核酸序列,11个与未培养菌相似,32个与归属为7个细菌类群的细菌序列相似,包括α-变形菌纲、γ-变形菌纲、δ-变形菌纲、黄杆菌纲、蓝藻纲、绿弯菌门、疣微菌门;α-变形菌纲、γ-变形菌纲、黄杆菌纲是不同养殖时期刺参肠道内的主要细菌群落,其中γ-变形菌纲所占比例最高,达25.00%~35.71%,除3月和9月外,黄杆菌纲的相对含量均高于α-变形菌纲。研究表明,春秋两季刺参肠道内菌群结构呈现类似的演替变化规律,α-变形菌纲所占比例下降,而γ-变形菌纲与黄杆菌纲所占比例上升。
Sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus) is one of the most important aquaculture animals in China. Usually its normal body color is black that fits its living environment. The juvenile individuals obtained by crossing albino sea cucumber segregated in body color. To document the transcriptome difference between albino associating sea cucumber and the control, we sequenced their transcriptomes with RNA-seq. Approximately, 4.790 million(M) and 4.884 M reads, 200 nt in length, were generated from the body wall of albino associating sea cucumber and the control, respectively, from them, 9550(46.81%) putative genes were identified. In total, 583 genes were found to express differentially between albino associating sea cucumber and the control. Of these differentially expressed genes(DEGs), 4.8% changed more than five-folds. The expression levels of eight DEGs were confirmed with real-time PCR. The changing trend of these DEGs detected with real-time PCR agreed well with that detected with RNA-seq, although the change degree of some DEGs was different. Four significantly enriched pathways were identified for DEGs, which included phagocytosis, Staphylococcus aureus infection, ECM-receptor interaction and focal adhesion. These pathways were helpful for understanding the physiological difference between albino associating sea cucumber and the control.
为了提高对皱纹盘鲍染色体的辨识水平,实验利用Ba(OH)2处理显示了皱纹盘鲍染色体的C带,并用荧光原位杂交分析(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)研究了核糖体大亚基rDNA在皱纹盘鲍中期染色体上的数目与位置。核型结果显示,皱纹盘鲍染色体组包含7对中部着丝粒染色体和8对亚中部着丝粒染色体,另有3对染色体介于中部着丝粒染色体与亚中着丝粒染色体之间(m/sm)。C显带结果显示,8对染色体有稳定的着丝粒C带,5～7对染色体上有中期相间多态的端部C带,3对染色体上有同源染色体异态的臂间C带。FISH分析显示,皱纹盘鲍中期染色体上分布着4个大亚基rDNA位点,分别位于2号短臂(2S)、7号短臂(7S)、12号短臂(12S)和18号长臂(18L)的端部。研究结果为皱纹盘鲍染色体辨识提供了新的特征与标记,为进一步研究皱纹盘鲍种群的染色体多态和鲍属染色体进化提供了基础资料。
