圣和 E 是在长期的部落 Triticeae (Poaceae ) 的二个重要基本染色体。他们在许多长期的种类存在并且很仔细与面包小麦(Triticum aestivum L ) 的 A， B 和 Dgenomes 有关。在 situhybridization (GISH ) 的 Genomic Southernhybridization 和 genomic 被用来分析在二个染色体(圣 andE ) 和 T 的三个基本染色体(A， B 和 D ) 之间的 genomic 关系。aestivum。theSouthernhybridization 的半量的分析建议圣和 E 染色体是最仔细与 D 染色体有关，然后 A 染色体，并且对 B 染色体相对远。用圣和 E genomic DNAas 探针的 GISH 分析进一步证实了结论。圣和 E 是 Thinopyrum ponticum (StStE^eE^bE^x ) 和 Th 的二个基本染色体。媒介物(StE^6E^b ) ，二长期的种成功地在小麦改进使用了。因此，这篇论文提供大多数 thespontaneouswheat-Thinopyrum translocations 和替换为什么通常发生在 D 染色体的一个可能的答案，在 Agenomeand 的一些很少在 B 染色体。这将在他们的染色体部件为小麦改进，特别那些包含的圣或 E 开发相异的种类的进一步的使用。
The high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) pair 1Bx13 + 1By16 are recognized to positively correlate with bread-making quality; however, their molecular data remain unknown. In order to reveal the mechanism by which 1By16 and 1Bx13 creates high quality, their open reading frames (ORFs) were amplified from common wheat Atlas66 and Jimai 20 using primers that were designed based on published sequences of HMW glutenin genes. The ORF of 1By16 was 2 220 bp, deduced into 738 amino acid residues with seven cysteines including 59 hexapeptides and 22 nanopeptides motifs. The ORF of 1Bx13 was 2 385 bp, deduced into 795 amino acid residues with four cysteines including 68 hexapeptides, 25 nanopeptides and six tripeptides motifs. We found that 1By16 was the largest y-type HMW glutenin gene described to date in common wheat. The 1By16 had 36 amino acid residues inserted in the central repetitive domain compared with 1By15. Expression in bacteria and western-blot tests confirmed that the sequence cloned was the ORF of HMW-GS 1By16, and that 1Bx13 was one of the largest 1Bx genes that have been described so far in common wheat, exhibiting a hexapeptide (PGQGQQ) insertion in the end of central repetitive domain compared with 1Bx7. A phylogenetic tree based on the deduced full-length amino acid sequence alignment of the published HMW-GS genes showed that the 1By16 was clustered with Glu-1B-2, and that the 1Bx13 was clustered with Glu-1B-1 alleles.
