Efficient use of N in agricultural practice can increase yield, decrease production costs and reduce the risk of environmental pollution. Effects of N fertilizer application rates on grain yield and physiological N use efficiency (PE) in relation to the accumulation and redistribution of biomass and N in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars were studied at two experimental farms of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China in 2004. Three high N use efficiency (NUE) rice cultivars (Wuyunjing 7, Nanguang and 4007) and one low NUE rice cultivar (Elio) with similar growth patterns were studied under seven N rates (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 kg ha -1 ). Grain yield increased with the N application rate and attained plateau at 180 kg N ha -1 for rice cultivars at each site. Increasing N rate decreased PE for biomass and grain yield. Grain yield and PE of Elio were about 20% and 18% lower than those of high NUE cultivars. Differences in biomass, N accumulation and N redistribution were observed at the post-heading stage among rice cultivars with differing NUEs. The less reproductive tillers of Elio resulted in less demand for C and N during grain filling, thus leading to lower PE of Elio compared with the high NUE rice cultivars.
ZHANG Ya-Li, FAN Jian-Bo, WANG Dong-Sheng and SHEN Qi-Rong2College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 (China)
田间条件下,以当地水稻品种武运粳15(WJ15)为对照,对氮高效水稻种质4007在不同施氮水平(0、100、150、200和250 kg hm-2)下的氮素吸收、累积、转运、产量及氮肥利用率进行了研究。结果表明施氮量显著促进水稻各生育期地上部氮素的累积,水稻从分蘖盛期到拔节期植株氮素累积量最大,占总生育期的32.7%～41.6%。当施氮量从0增加至250 kg hm-2,水稻种质4007的氮素转运量的从72.0上升至104kg hm-2,氮素转运率从66.2%下降至51.3%;而WJ15的氮素转运量从57.0上升至96.5 kg hm-2,氮素转运率也从57.1%下降至46.8%。籽粒中的氮素65.3%～87.6%来自营养器官的转运,仅12.4%～34.7%是后期从土壤吸收所得。由于较高的收获指数(HI)和氮收获指数(NHI),水稻种质4007的平均氮肥表观回收率(REN)和氮肥农学利用率(AEN)分别较品种WJ15高出24.5%和95.6%。本试验结果还显示4007和WJ15的适宜施氮量分别是150 kg hm-2和200 kg hm-2,此时,水稻可维持较高的产量和保持较高的氮肥利用率。
The variation in nitrogen (N) uptake by rice has been widely studied but differences in rice root morphology that may contribute to this variation are not completely understood. Field and greenhouse experiments were carried out to study N accumulation, root dry weights, total root lengths, root surface areas, and root bleeding rates of two rice cultivars, Elio with low N-use efficiency and Nanguang with high N-use efficiency. Low (1 mmol N L-1) and high (5 mmol N L-1) N applications were established in the greenhouse experiment, and the N rates were 0, 120, and 240 kg ha-1 in the field experiments at Jiangning and Jiangpu farms, Nanjing, China. The results showed that the N accumulation, root dry weight, total root length, and root surface area increased with an increase in N application. At the heading stage, N accumulation in the shoots and roots of Nanguang was greater than that of Elio in the field experiments and that of Elio at 5 mmol N L-1 in the greenhouse experiment. After the heading stage, N accumulation was higher for Nanguang at both 1 and 5 mmol N L-1 in the greenhouse experiment. The total root length and root surface area were significantly different between the two cultivars. Over the range of the fertilizer application rates, the root lengths of Nanguang at Jiangning Farm were 49%-61% greater at booting and 26%-39% greater at heading than those of Elio, and at Jiangpu Farm they were 22%-42% and 26%-38% greater, respectively. Nanguang had a greater root bleeding rate than Elio. It was concluded that the N-use efficiency of the two rice cultivars studied depended to a great extent on the root morphological parameters and root physiological characteristics at different growth stages.
FAN Jian-BoZHANG Ya-LiD. TURNERDUAN Yin-HuaWANG Dong-ShengSHEN Qi-Rong
