表面结构决定了晶体材料的许多重要的物理化学性质.可控制备具有特定表面结构的微纳米晶体,从而实现对晶体材料性能的改善,引起了广泛的关注.本课题组近期相关的研究表明,晶体生长体系中,生长单元的过饱和度决定了晶体的表面结构.基于已有研究结果,本文通过调节混合溶剂体系中乙二醇和水的相对体积比及Na OH的用量,改变晶体生长体系中生长单元的过饱和度,合成了亚微米尺寸的Na Ta O3立方体、削角立方体、削角削棱立方体和准球体.低过饱和度条件下,形成的Na Ta O3颗粒是低能{100}晶面裸露的立方体;随过饱和度的增加,立方体的角和棱逐渐削去,裸露表面能更高的晶面;极高过饱和度条件下,则形成准球体Na Ta O3颗粒.这种准球体的形成难以用经典的晶体生长理论加以解释.通过研究同样受过饱和度影响的二维晶核生成功(Whkl),发现在极高的过饱和度的条件下,晶体生长趋于各向同性,合理地解释了准球体的形成机制.
A series of polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized heteropolyacids(PVP-HPAs)are generated by self-assembly of HPAs and PVP in methanol.The PVP-HPAs are then employed as catalysts for the synthesis of poly(oxymethylene)dimethyl ethers(DMMn,n1)by the methanolysis of trioxane.The results suggest that the acidity of PVP-HPAs is tunable by changing the ratio of PVP and HPAs,which is a key factor for the selectivity of the DMMn product.By optimizing the composition and reaction conditions,two types of PVP-HPA,PVP-phosphotungstic acid(PVP-HPW)in a PVP/HPW ratio of 1/4:1 and PVP-silicotungstic acid(PVP-HSi W)in a PVP/HSi W ratio of 1/4:3/4,respectively afford 52.4%and 50.3%yields of DMM2–5.The optimized catalysts are reusable for a minimum of 10 times without a significant drop in performance.
From the chemical catalysis viewpoint,the excellent performance of CNTs in adsorption-activation of H2 and in promoting spillover of adsorbed H-species is very attractive,in addition to their nanosize channels,sp2-C constructed surfaces,and high thermal/electrical conductivity.This review examines some recent progresses of CNTs as a novel support or promoter of catalysts for certain hydrogenation or dehydrogenation reactions,e.g.,hydrogenation-conversion of syngas to yield alcohols and decomposition or steam-reforming of methanol to generate H2,mainly based on recent work carried out in our laboratory.
