In order to obtain the optimal input of water and nitrogen(W&N)suitable for the jujube trees in Northern Shaanxi,12 treatments had been set in the demonstration base of micro-irrigation jujube tree of Mizhi County in 2014-2015 through field experiment of jujube trees under surge root irrigation(SRI),in which three soil moisture levels(high moisture level W1:60%-85%θ,middle moisture level W2:50%-75%θ,low moisture level W3:40%-65%θ)and four nitrogen input levels(high nitrogen F75:0.75 kg/plant,middle nitrogen F50:0.50 kg/plant,low nitrogen F25:0.25 kg/plant,no nitrogen F0:0.00 kg/plant)were set.Through analyzing the effects of different W&N inputs on the yield,net income(NI)and W&N utilization efficiency(WUE and NUE)of jujube trees and establishing a weighted grey correlation model,the optimization of W&N input for jujube trees could be achieved under SRI.Results showed that different W&N inputs had significant influences on yield,NI,WUE and NUE.Along with the increase of soil moisture content,the yield and NUE increased,while WUE decreased gradually,and the NI had the tendency to increase first and then decrease.Along with the increase of nitrogen input,the yield,NI and WUE had the tendency to increase first and then decrease while the NUE decreased significantly,and the yield,NI,WUE and NUE could not reach the maximum at the same time.Through the study on the grey correlation model of jujube tree’s comprehensive benefit based on the yield,NI,WUE and NUE,results showed the comprehensive benefit of jujube trees was significantly different when W&N input was different,and the gray correlation degree of W2F25 treatment was the highest in two years,which means that the soil moisture content of 50%-75%θand nitrogen input of 0.25 kg/plant was the optimal W&N input for jujube trees under SRI in Northern Shaanxi area.
Six-year old apple trees were selected for field experiment.The objective of this study was to obtain the reasonable arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters in apple orchards.There were three factors:the buried depth H(25,40,55 cm),the horizontal distance L(30,40,60 cm)between the emitters and the trunk of the experimental tree,and the number of the irrigation emitters N(1,2,4).The effect of the arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters on the growth,yield and irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)of apple trees were studied in Northern Shaanxi where the irrigation quota takes 60%-75%of the field water capacity.The results showed that the arrangement of emitters for surge-root irrigation had a significant effect on apple tree yield and IWUE,especially,the yield and IWUE reached 28388.17 kg/hm2 and 16.83 kg/m3 in treatment T3,respectively.At the same L and N levels(T1,T2,and T3),the yield and IWUE in treatment T3 were the highest,and the yields in treatments T1 and T2 were decreased by 26.22%and 31.48%,while IWUE is reduced by14.02%and 18.12%compared with T3,respectively.At the same H and N levels(T3,T4,and T5),the yield and IWUE of apple trees were decreased with increasing L level.Especially,when L was 30 cm(T3),the yield and IWUE were the highest.The same L and H levels(T3,T6,and T7)could promote the growth of apple trees when N was 2(T3).Compared with treatment T3,it was found that the increment of new shoots was decreased by 8.07%-18.71%,and the fruit diameter was decreased by 5.41%-9.11%.Therefore,two emitters should be arranged symmetrically on both sides of an apple tree,each was buried at a 40 cm depth and 30 cm away from the trunk of the tree to effectively improve the yield and IWUE of the apple tree in mountainous areas in Northern Shaanxi.
LI ZhongjieFEI LiangjunHAO KunLIU TengCHEN NanshuZHANG QuanjuHUANG Deliang
该文建立加权灰色关联综合评价模型,基于夏玉米耗水量、产量及其构成因素(穗长、穗周长、穗粒数、穗行数、百粒质量和产量)对沟灌方式进行优选。结果表明,同一水分控制下限,无论是产量综合评价,还是耗水及水分利用效率综合评价,宽垄沟灌种植模式的灰色关联综合评价均优于常规沟灌种植模式;其中灌水控制下限为田间持水量的70%(field water holding capacity,FC)的宽垄沟灌种植处理在第2层综合评价中耗水评价虽然位次第3,但产量评价和水分利用效率评价位次第1,在第1层综合评价中灰色关联度最大(0.852),故灌水控制下限为70%(70%FC)最佳;其次为灌水控制下限为60%(60%FC)的宽垄沟灌种植处理,关联度为0.788,60%FC与70%FC二者关联度相差较小。加权灰色关联综合评价模型的评判结果与大田试验结果相吻合。因此,最终方案的最终选定可根据当地水资源状况而定,对于水资源相对丰富地区建议采用W70灌水方式,对于水资源相对匮乏地区建议采用W60灌水方式。研究可为灰色关联度方法在节水灌溉研究中的应用提供参考。
