The airflow in unsaturated soils is an issue of great importance in various fields such as in agricultural, nuclear, environmental engineering. However, up to now, little attention was paid to the generation of the airflow induced by a pumping test in an unconfined aquifer with a low-permeability cap and its influence on the pumping test. In this paper, pumping tests were carried out experimentally in the aquifer with a low-permeability cap in order to study the influence of the airflow induced by the pumping on the drawdown of the tests. It is shown that: (1) there is an airflow with negative pressure generated by the pumping tests, (2) the Negative air Pressure (NP) is increased with the pumping rate but decreased with the radial distance, and (3) the NP also changes with the initial water table. The results provide a good basis for further theoretical study of the airflow induced by pumping.
为揭示生活污水补给影响下排水沟渠氮、磷滞留特征,以合肥市城郊结合部的关镇河支渠为对象,以NH4Cl和KH2PO4为添加营养盐,以Na Cl为保守型示踪剂,开展5次现场示踪试验.在此基础上,利用OTIS(one-dimensional transport with inflow and storage)模型估算D(扩散系数)、A(渠道过水断面面积)、As(暂态存储区断面面积)、α(暂态存储交换系数)、λ(主流区溶质一阶吸收系数)和λs(暂态存储区吸收系数);并利用营养螺旋原理,计算营养盐的Sw(吸收长度)、Vf(吸收速度)和U(吸收速率)等.结果表明:1As/A具有随流量减小而增大的变化特征,平均值为0.35;5次试验得到的α均处在10-3数量级水平,平均值为2.49×10-3s-1.2Sw-NH4和Sw-PO4(分别表示NH4-N和PO4-P的Sw,下同)均较大,最大值分别达934 020、47 518 m,意味着关镇河支渠已基本不具备氮、磷滞留能力;而Sw-NH4和Sw-PO4均不同程度地出现负值,表明该支渠还具有"源"的作用.3Vf-NH4与河水平均深度、渠道流量均呈显著负相关,Vf-PO4和U-PO4与渠道水面宽度均呈显著正相关.4NH4-N和PO4-P的营养螺旋指标与其相应质量浓度背景值无明显相关性.
