分别以芴（3环）、荧蒽（4环）和苯并[b]荧蒽（5环）为唯一碳源（1 mg/L）,采用平板划线法对某焦化厂污染土壤中的多环芳烃降解菌进行分离.通过自制的呼吸器,研究所得多环芳烃降解菌对14C-菲（5μL/100 mL 40~60 mCi/mmol）的矿化情况;通过序批试验,以煤焦油为碳源（1μL/mL）,研究这些菌对19种多环芳烃的降解情况.多次划分后,得到4种菌,经鉴定命名为博特氏菌L1、苍白杆菌L1、微杆菌L1和赤红球菌L1.经过3周的矿化实验,微杆菌L1可以将14C-菲全部矿化成14CO2,赤红球菌L1可将大约60%的14C-菲矿化成14CO2,而博德特氏菌L1和苍白杆菌L1对14C-菲无矿化作用.经过5周的降解实验,博德特氏菌L1对大多数多环芳烃表现了良好的降解作用,苍白杆菌L1和微杆菌L1对部分多环芳烃有降解作用,而赤红球菌L1培养系统中某些多环芳烃的浓度甚至有增大,这可能与其在代谢过程中产生表面活性物质有关.所得4种菌在焦化厂污染土壤的微生物修复中具有较大的应用潜力.
The widespread production and use of zinc oxide nanoparticles （ZnO-NPs） in recent years have posed potential threat to the ecosystem. This study aimed to investigate the ecotoxicological effect of ZnO-NPs on soil microorganisms using laboratory microcosm test. Respira- tion, ammonification, dehydrogenase （DH） activity, and fluorescent diacetate hydrolase （FDAH） activity were used as ecotoxicological parameters. The results showed that in the neutral soil treated with 1 mg ZnO-NPs per g soil （fresh, neutral）, ammonification was significantly inhibited during the study period of three months, but the inhibition rate decreased over increasing time. Inhibition in respira- tion was observed in the first month of the test. In various ZnO-NPs treatments （1 rag, 5 rag, and 10 mg ZnO-NPs per g soil）, DH activity and FDAH activity were inhibited during the study period of one month. For both enzyme activities, there were positive dose-response relationships between the concentration of ZnO-NPs and the inhibition rates, but the curves changed over time due to changes of ZnO-NPs toxicity. Soil type affected the toxicity of ZnO- NPs in soil. The toxicity was highest in the acid soil, followed by the neutral soil. The toxicity was relatively low in the alkaline soil. The toxicity was not accounted for by the Zn2＋ released from the ZnO-NPs. Direct interaction of ZnO-NPs with biologic targets might be one of the reasons. The adverse effect of ZnO-NPs on soil micro- organisms in neutral and acid soils is worthy of attention.
Zhaoyi SHEN Zhuo CHEN Zhen HOU Tingting LI Xiaoxia LU
