Multiferroic ceramics Bi0.9La0.1FeO3 are synthesized by solid-state reactions and sintered at various temperatures.The rhombohedral structure with the space group R3c is confirmed by means of x-ray diffraction,and their multiferroic properties are investigated.Bi_(0.9)La_(0.1)FeO_(3) ceramics sintered at 880℃ are found to have the lowest leakage current density and the largest saturated polarization among all the samples.A diode-like currentvoltage hysteresis that could be switched by an external voltage is observed in the Bi_(0.9)La_(0.1)FeO_(3) ceramics.A typical “butterfly” shaped strain-versus-voltage curve is shown with a maximum strain of 0.09%o at 7kV.Roomtemperature magnetization exhibits a hysteresis loop,indicating that the modulation of the spin structure of BiFeOa has been suppressed.
N-doped In_(2)O_(3) films were deposited on fused quartz substrates by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering with different N_(2) flux.X-ray diffraction patterns,x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the optical transmittance spectra indicate that nitrogen has incorporated into the In_(2)O_(3) lattice.Room-temperature d^(0) ferromagnetism is observed in all the films.The saturation magnetization increases from 0.73 to 3.5 emu/cm^(3) when the N_(2) flux varies from 0 to 10 sccm.The concordant results in structural,compositional,optical and magnetic properties suggest that this d^(0) ferromagnetism is associated with the N incorporation and may be mediated by the long-range p–p interaction between the N 2p states.
