An improved compound mathematical model is established to simulate the attenuation of hydraulic transients with laminar-turbulent alternations,which usually occur when the pipeline flow velocity fluctuates near the critical velocity.The laminar friction resistance and the turbulent friction resistance are considered respectively in this model by applying different resistance schemes to the characteristics method of fluid transient analysis.The hydraulic transients of the valve closing process are simulated using the model.A more reasonable attenuation of hydraulic transients is obtained.The accurate attenuation is more distinct than that obtained from the traditional mathematical model.The research shows that the hydraulic transient is a type of energy waves,and its attenuation is caused by the friction resistance.The laminar friction resistance is more important than the turbulent friction resistance if the flow velocity is smaller than the critical velocity.Otherwise the turbulent friction resistance is more important.The laminar friction resistance is important in the attenuation of hydraulic transients for the closing process.Thus,it is significant to consider the different resistances separately to obtain more accurate attenuation of hydraulic transients.
为了获得泄洪洞出口段在高速水流情况下的水流特征,分析空化及其对结构可能存在的空蚀破坏影响,本文采用了VOF(Volume Of Fluid)方法,并结合Realizable k-ε紊流模型,对泄洪洞水流进行了三维数值计算。计算获得了压强、流速及水深的三维分布参数,并将部分计算结果与设计值验证,吻合较好。通过引入自定义函数方式计算了整个流场的空化数,获得了泄洪情况下泄洪洞高速水流空化数分布规律及易发生空化空蚀的区域。
The hydraulic oscillation of surge tank was analyzed through numerical simulation.A rectangular integral scheme was established in order to improve the numerical model.According to the boundary control equation of surge tank, the rectangular integral scheme omits the second-order infinitesimal and simplifies the solving process.An example was provided to illustrate the rectangular integral scheme, which is compared with the traditional trapezoid integral scheme.Appropriate numerical solutions were gained through the new scheme.Results show that the rectangular integral scheme is more convenient than the trapezoid integral one, and it can be applied to the numerical simulation of various surge tanks in complex pipeline systems.
