Air pollution is a world public health problem. Particulate matter (PM), a mix of solid and liquid particles in the air, becomes an increasing concern in the social and economic development of China. For decades, epidemiological studies have confirmed the association between fine particle pollutants and respiratory diseases. It has been reported in different populations that increased fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations cause elevated susceptibility to respiratory diseases, including acute respiratory distress, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. This review will discuss the pathophysiology of PM2.5 in res-piratory diseases, which are helpful for the prevention of air pollution and treatment of respiratory tract inflammatory diseases.
Tao LiRong HuZi ChenQiyuan LiShouxiong HuangZhou ZhuLin-Fu Zhou
目的了解老年支气管哮喘病人控制现状及影响因素。方法选择在南京医科大学第一附属医院呼吸与危重症医学科门诊就诊的哮喘病人,记录病人一般资料、评估哮喘控制水平以及哮喘控制测试评分(asthma control test,ACT)、了解哮喘管理包括医生制定的哮喘随访计划、药物的使用情况等,应用Logistic回归分析与ACT评分相关的影响因素。结果有150例哮喘病人完成了问卷调查,根据"全球哮喘倡议"(GINA)的标准,老年哮喘病人的完全控制、部分控制和未控制的比例分别为27.3%、45.5%、和27.3%。老年哮喘病人的ACT评分为(20.2±4.2)分。老年哮喘病人较非老年者合并高血压、冠心病、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征比例高(P<0.05)。将所有对象分为ACT≥20分及<20分组,是否使用糖皮质激素吸入剂或含有糖皮质激素的吸入制剂对老年病人的ACT评分有显著影响(P<0.05),而非老年哮喘病人中过去一年是否急诊就诊是影响ACT评分的重要因素(P<0.05)。结论是否使用吸入性糖皮质激素是影响老年哮喘病人ACT评分的独立影响因素之一。
