In this study, we searched multiple databases for all relevant original articles (1996-2013). To investigate blood lead levels (BLL) and possible risk factors for lead exposure among children in China A total of 388 articles met our inclusion criteria. The overall geometric mean (GM) BLL was 71 μg/L, and the prevalence of elevated BLL (EBLL, defined as BLL ≥100 μg/L) was 18.48% among children. The prevalence of EBLL remained significantly higher among boys. In children less than 6 years of age, there were significantly increasing trends in both BLL and prevalence of EBLL in an age-dependent manner. The ban on leaded gasoline significantly reduced the BLL as well as EBLL prevalence; however, children whose parents had lower educational levels or were exposed to lead in the workplace had a higher EBLL prevalence. Despite its decline over time, the average BLL among children in China remains higher than the average level most recently reported in the United States. Childhood lead poisoning remains a public health problem in China.
WANG LuLI ZhenHUANG Shao XinDU ChuangWANG HongHE Li PingBI Yong YiSHI YongWANG Chun Hong
多药耐药相关蛋白（multidrug resistance-associated protein,MRPs）是ATP结合盒式转运蛋白（ATP-binding cassette,ABC）家族中的一个亚群,1992年由Cole等[1]最初在耐阿霉素小细胞肺癌细胞株H69/AR的研究中发现,该耐药细胞株表达了一种不同于P糖蛋白（P-gp）的蛋白,此后命名为多药耐药相关蛋白1（multidrug resistance-associated protein 1,MRP1/ABCC1）。随后人们又陆续发现多药耐药相关蛋白2（multidrugresistance-associated protein 2,MRP2/ABCC2）及MRPs的其他成员。MRP1和MRP2是细胞代谢产物、药物、
目的了解武汉大学人民医院儿科门诊就诊的0~6岁儿童体内微量元素与血红蛋白含量的情况,发现其含量的异常并分析其原因,探讨纠正方法及预防措施。方法采用原子吸收光谱法检测124例门诊儿童血清中各种微量元素的含量,使用GEM Premier 3000血气分析仪检测血红蛋白（Hb）的含量,比较不同性别、年龄之间各检测指标含量大小及含量异常的差异。结果 124例门诊儿童体内镁、铜、镉、铅的含量均在正常参考值范围内,但是钙、铁、锌和Hb的含量均有部分偏低,钙缺乏率26.66%、铁缺乏率31.45%、锌缺乏率59.68%、Hb偏低率26.66%;不同年龄组之间钙、Hb的缺乏率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,其中,婴儿组钙、铁、锌及Hb缺乏率较高,分别高达35.71%、30.35%、67.86%、51.78%;钙、锌、Hb含量在不同年龄组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,其中钙含量随年龄的增加而降低,锌含量随着年龄的增加而增加,婴儿组Hb含量显著高于其他年龄组。结论武汉大学人民医院0~6岁儿科门诊儿童钙、铁、锌等微量元素的缺乏率较高,部分儿童体内Hb含量偏低,提示医生及家长们需要关注儿童营养的均衡,医院及相关医疗保健部门要加强儿童喂养知识的宣传,家长要在医生的指导下进行辅食的添加,合理地补充微量元素。建议将微量元素及Hb的检测纳入儿童保健常规检查项目。
