Objective The objective of this article was to review the current advances in diagnostic methods for Acanthamoeba keratitis （AK）.Data sources Data used in this review were retrieved from PubMed （1970-2013）.The terms ＂Acanthamoeba keratitis＂ and ＂diagnosis＂ were used for the literature search.Study selection Data from published articles regarding AK and diagnosis in clinical trials were identified and reviewed.Results The diagnostic methods for the eight species implicated in AK were reviewed.Among all diagnostic procedures,corneal scraping and smear examination was an essential diagnostic method.Polymerase chain reaction was the most sensitive and accurate detection method.Culturing of Acanthamoeba was a reliable method for final diagnosis of AK.Confocal microscopy to detect Acanthamoeba was also effective,without any invasive procedure,and was helpful in the early diagnosis of AK.Conclusion Clinically,conjunction of various diagnostic methods to diagnose AK was necessary.
采用平均功率密度为100 m W/cm2和200 m W/cm2的微波照射新西兰家兔20 min,探讨微波辐射对家兔心肌酶活性及心脏血流动力学影响及其意义。结果表明,微波照射5 min后,家兔呼吸(R)、心率(HR)加快。100 m W/cm2照射10~15 min后,家兔血压(BP)和左心室收缩压(LVSP)升高,左心室内压最大上升速率(+dp/dtm)和左心室内压最大下降速率(-dp/dtm)增加,左心室舒张压(LVDP)和左心室终末舒张压(LVEDP)下降,等容舒张时间室内压下降的时间常数(T)值减小;心电图(ECG)R波、QR波异常,偶发全身抽搐。200 m W/cm2照射5 min后,ECG异常以R波、QR波畸形较多,有锯齿形波,出现多次全身抽搐;照射15~20 min时,LVDP明显下降,T值减小,+dp/dtm和-dp/dtm明显增加。照射停止后,各组家兔R、HR立刻减慢,BP下降。停止照射6 h时,R、HR继续减慢,BP不断下降,LVSP逐渐降低,+dp/dtm和-dp/dtm减少,LVDP和LVEDP逐渐升高,T值增大。照射后各组家兔血清心肌酶活性明显升高。实验证明高功率微波辐射对家兔心脏结构和舒缩功能有明显影响,且损伤作用与照射强度密切相关。
