高能、长循环寿命和高充放电速率的阴极材料是限制发展静态稳定电能存储和动力电源用先进锂电池的关键材料问题。基于脱嵌锂过程的层状锂过渡金属氧化物、过渡金属磷酸锂和富锂氧化物的阴极材料的容量发展遇到了瓶颈,因此探索基于新电化学过程的新型高容量阴极材料的研究非常重要。基于硫(S)和Li2S的阴极材料具有高的理论容量(1673mA h g-1和1166mA h g-1),成为发展高容量和高能锂离子电池阴极材料研究的重点。综述了解决硫阴极材料面临的电子和锂离子传导能力差、充放电过程中可溶性硫的溶解及体积变化等关键科学问题的新思路和新方法,为发展新型硫阴极材料提供参考和启发。
Tuning porous structure of carbon nanomaterials has been found to be important for their performance enhancement in electrochemical energy storage applications. In this work we employed a natural nanomaterial kaolinite, which is abundant and cheap, as hard template to synthesis porous carbon nanomaterial. By tuning the structure of hard template kaolinite, we have achieved a template directed formation of holey carbon nanosheet/nanotube materials. This carbon nanomaterials with hierarchical in-plane and out-of-plane pores have shown electrochemical energy storage capacity of 286 F/g（equal to 314 F/cm^3） at 0.1 A/g and 85 F/g（equal to 93 F/cm^3） at 100 A/g, which is comparable to variety of reported carbon based electrochemical energy storage electrode materials.
