The process of decomposing p-nitrophenol (PNP) with power ultrasound requires strict control of acoustic and electric conditions.In this study,the conditions,including acoustic power and acoustic intensity,but not ultrasonic frequency,were controlled strictly at constant levels.The absorbency and the COD concentrations of the samples were measured in order to show the variation of the sample concentration.The results show significant differences in the trend of the solution degradation rate as acoustic power increases after the PNP solution (with a concentration of 114mg/L and a pH value of 5.4) is irradiated for 60min with ultrasonic frequencies of 530.8 kHz,610.6 kHz,855.0 kHz,and 1 130.0 kHz.The degradation rate of the solution increases with time and acoustic power (acoustic intensity).On the other hand,the degradation rate of the solution is distinctly dependent on frequency when the acoustic power and intensity are strictly controlled and maintained at constant levels.The degradation rate of the PNP solution declines with ultrasonic frequencies of 530.8 kHz,610.6 kHz,855.0 kHz,and 1 130.0 kHz;the COD concentration,on the contrary,increase.
In order to establish an effective wireless communication system in an underground coal-mine environment, the propagation of radio waves through a rectangular-like mine tunnel was investigated by jointly, considering both the dielectric constant and the reflectance of a mine tunnel. By combining free space and modified waveguide propagation models, we propose a new hybrid propagation model based on ray tracing. Simulation results have shown the effectiveness of establishing a wireless Local Area Network (LAN) in this coal-mine environment. The results of this research will be very useful as a guide in the design and development of tunnel wireless LAN systems.
