针对坡口加工及焊接变形等因素引起的焊缝坡口宽度不确定性变化影响焊缝成形的问题,建立了基于嵌入式DSP(digital signal processor)视觉伺服平台的管道MIG打底焊焊缝成形控制系统.所设计的视觉伺服平台采用TMS320DM642实现焊接熔池区域图像的采集与处理,采用TMS320F2812实现焊枪位姿和焊接工艺参数的实时调整.设计了专门的图像处理算法,分离并提取熔池、焊缝和焊丝的位置信息.通过对焊缝坡口宽度变化的视觉检测,实时调节焊接速度、焊枪摆动宽度和中心位置等参数,获得了外观良好、X光检验合格的焊缝成形.
Based on A356 aluminum alloy,aluminum foams were prepared by gas injection foaming process with pure nitrogen,air and some gas mixtures.The oxygen volume fraction of these gas mixtures varied from 0.2%to 8.0%.Optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and Auger electron spectroscopy（AES） were used to analyze the influence of oxygen content on cell structure,relative density,macro and micro morphology of cell walls,coverage area fraction of oxide film,thickness of oxide film and other aspects.Results indicate that the coverage area fraction of oxide film on bubble surface increases with the increase of oxygen content when the oxygen volume is less than 1.2%.While when the oxygen volume fraction is larger than 1.6%,an oxide film covers the entire bubble surface and aluminum foams with good cell structure can be produced.The thicknesses of oxide films of aluminum foams produced by gas mixtures containing 1.6%-21%oxygen are almost the same.The reasons why the thickness of oxide film nearly does not change with the variation of oxygen content and the amount of oxygen needed to achieve 100%coverage of oxide film are both discussed.In addition,the role of oxide film on bubble surface in foam stability is also analyzed.
