The application of CCD in spectral analysis was discussed for pedagogical value in the undergraduate curriculum.Some concepts were explained straight forward with the spectra collected by a handheld CCD spectrometer,and some application examples were given.
A convenient and sensitive spectrometric system based on a liquid core optical fiber and a charge coupled device was constructed for the determination of chromium（VI） in river water.Diphenylcarbazide was added to Cr（VI） solution to form colored complex in the medium of perchloric acid.With a 35 cm long Teflon optical fiber,the limit of detection（LOD） was 0.4 μg·L-1,ten times lower than that of Chinese National Standard Procedure（GB7467-87）.The method was applied to determine Cr（VI） in river water without any preconcentration.The recovery was 99%～107%.
Closed-vessel microwave-assisted digestion was utilized for the decomposition of hard-to-dissolve optical glass samples for the determination of the ultra trace amount of cadmium by electrothermal evaporation atomic fluorescence spectrometry（ETV-AFS）and arsenic and lead by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry（HG-AFS）.The limits of detection were found to be 0.08,0.1 and 0.7ngmL-1for cadmium,arsenic and lead,respectively.Relative standard deviation（RSD）was between 2%-5% which was adequate for trace analysis.The analytical results were in good agreement with those obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy（ICP-MS）for cadmium and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry（ICP-AES）for arsenic and lead.
