为了探究和量化利用红外热成像系统进行核桃冠层温度测量过程中所产生的不确定性,利用A310f型红外热像仪在核桃园区对样本树冠层进行为期20 d的高频连续观测,对样本树进行了不同方向(东、西、南、北)和不同高度角(10°、30°、45°、60°、80°)的冠层温度测量。首先,对5个重要参数的敏感性进行分析,发现冠层温度受叶片辐射率(ε leaf )影响最大,受环境反射温度( T refl )影响次之,受空气温度( T a )和空气相对湿度( R H )影响较小,对距离( D )变化不敏感。其次,对3棵样本树与4个方向的冠层温度进行双因素方差分析,结果表明,各方向之间达到了显著性水平( P <0.05),进一步通过多重比较确定了南、北两个方向存在显著性差异( P <0.05),其他各方向之间差异不显著。对不同高度角的分析表明,5个高度角之间不存在显著的温度差异。然后,通过温度廓线法直接观察到冠层外部温度高于内部温度,同时,温度频数直方图反映出像素点呈现双峰分布特征,冠层像素点的峰值温度为25.1℃。最后,对冠层内外温度进行方差分析,结果表明,两者之间存在极显著性差异( P <0.01)。
The Economic and ecological effects of the Apple Pleurotus ostreatus system on ecology, physiology and yield in the hilly land of Taihang Mountain were studied, comparing with the pure apple tree stand(CK). The results indicated that: (1) The ecological environment of Apple Pleurotus ostreatus system which spacing is 3?m×4?m between the trees planted in 1991 was good for growing. (2) The content of organic matter, readily available N and K in the 0～50?cm soil increased by 45 8%, 31 0% and 39 3% respectively. (3) The content of chlorophyll and the photosynthetic rate of the apple tree leaves increased by 19 7%～23 3%, 5 9%～25 6 % respectively. (4) The yields of Pleurotus ostreatus and its net income was 4 500 1?kg·hm -2 , 609 0?yuan·hm -2 (RMB) respectively.(5) The yields of apple increased by 7 5%. (6) The total net income of the system increased by 7 025?yuan·hm -2 (RMB).
