急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)是一种由多个内部和外部因素引起的临床综合征,其显著特征包括急性弥漫性肺损伤和顽固性低氧血症。在影像学检查中,ARDS通常表现为双肺的弥漫性渗出性改变。大多数ARDS患者可能需要有创机械通气支持来维持氧合和通气,尽管机械通气在抢救生命中起到了重要作用,但也可能导致某些并发症。因此,及时且准确的撤机对于改善重症患者的预后极为重要。膈肌作为撤机后自主呼吸的主要吸气肌,其功能对于脱机的成功具有决定性作用。膈肌超声被认为是一种无侵入性且容易在床边使用的检测工具,已有研究证明它可以准确并迅速地判断膈肌的功能问题。这项技术是通过观察膈肌的活动性、厚度和增厚率来评估其功能的,这为确定撤机的时机提供了重要的依据。本文探讨了使用膈肌超声在评估急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者脱机过程中的应用价值。Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome caused by multiple internal and external factors, and its distinguishing features include acute diffuse lung injury and persistent hypoxemia. On imaging, ARDS usually presents as diffuse exudative changes in both lungs. Most patients with ARDS may require invasive mechanical ventilation support to maintain oxygenation and ventilation, and although mechanical ventilation plays an important role in saving lives, it may also lead to certain complications. Therefore, timely and accurate machine withdrawal is extremely important to improve the prognosis of critically ill patients. The function of the diaphragm, as the main inspiratory muscle for spontaneous breathing after machine withdrawal, is decisive for the success of deconditioning. Diaphragmatic ultrasound is recognized as a noninvasive and easy-to-use testing tool at the bedside, and has been shown to accurately and rapidly determine functional problems of the diaphragm. This technique assesses the func
膝骨关节炎(Knee osteoarthritis, KOA)是一种常见的退行性病理改变的疾病,现已成为影响中老年群体下肢健康的重要威胁。膝关节镜手术能在极小的创口下清晰观察关节内部结构,进行必要的清创,从而有效缓解疼痛,改善关节功能。然而仅依赖手术往往难以达到最佳的长效治疗效果,引入膝关节支具能为术后的康复提供了强有力的支持。支具不仅能稳定关节,减轻因负重而加剧的疼痛,还能在一定程度上纠正关节的不良力线分布,促进关节功能的恢复和软组织的愈合。本研究的目的在于总结关节镜联合支具治疗膝骨关节炎的问题,以供医疗实践中作参考。Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common degenerative disease that poses a significant threat to the lower limb health of middle-aged and elderly populations. Arthroscopic surgery allows for clear observation of the internal joint structure through minimal incisions, performing necessary debridement to effectively alleviate pain and improve joint function. However, relying solely on surgery often fails to achieve the best long-term therapeutic outcomes. The introduction of knee joint braces provides strong support for postoperative rehabilitation. Braces not only stabilize the joint and reduce pain exacerbated by weight-bearing but also correct the distribution of abnormal forces on the joint to some extent, promoting the recovery of joint function and the healing of soft tissues. The purpose of this study is to summarize the issues associated with the combined use of arthroscopy and braces in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis for reference in medical practice.
