脂代谢在乳腺癌转移过程中发挥着重要作用。癌症相关脂肪细胞(cancer-associated adipocyte, CAA)通过分泌游离脂肪酸(FA)和脂质代谢产物,直接参与乳腺癌细胞的脂肪酸代谢,提供能量支持并增强肿瘤的侵袭能力。CAA还分泌多种脂肪因子和炎症因子,激活信号通路,进一步推动乳腺癌的侵袭和转移。与此同时,乳腺癌细胞通过上调脂肪酸合成和氧化的关键酶,增强其侵袭性和转移能力。脂肪酸代谢不仅在原发性肿瘤中起到促进癌细胞侵袭的作用,还在脑、肺等远处转移部位中促进乳腺癌细胞的定植和扩展。本文综述了脂代谢在乳腺癌转移进展中的重要作用,并探讨了脂代谢相关的潜在治疗靶点,为乳腺癌的个性化治疗提供了新的思路。Lipid metabolism plays an important role in breast cancer metastasis. Cancer-associated adipocyte (CAA) is directly involved in fatty acid metabolism of breast cancer cells by secreting free fatty acids (FA) and lipid metabolites, which provide energy support and enhance tumor invasion. CAA also secretes a variety of adipokines and inflammatory factors that activate signaling pathways that further promote breast cancer invasion and metastasis. At the same time, breast cancer cells enhance their invasiveness and metastatic ability by upregulating key enzymes for fatty acid synthesis and oxidation. Fatty acid metabolism plays a role in promoting cancer cell invasion not only in primary tumors, but also in colonization and expansion of breast cancer cells in distant metastatic sites such as brain and lung. This paper reviews the important role of lipid metabolism in the metastatic progression of breast cancer and discusses the potential therapeutic targets related to lipid metabolism, which provides new ideas for personalized treatment of breast cancer.
目的探讨经口腔前庭腔镜甲状腺切除术患者的护理。方法对54例经口前庭腔镜甲状腺切除术患者的围手术期护理进行分析与总结。结果 54例患者,平均手术时间62 min（40～115 min）,手术均顺利完成,无中转开放手术,术中平均出血量13 m L（5～30 m L）,术后平均住院时间4.5 d（3～8 d）,术后仅8例留下皮肤小瘀斑,术后予口服优甲乐。患者术后无皮下积液感染,无喉返神经、喉上神经损伤,无甲状腺功能低下,无口腔功能异常,所有患者颈部及体表未留下任何与该手术相关疤痕,对美容效果满意。结论中国人颌骨扁平,经口腔前庭腔镜甲状腺切除手术安全可行,术后美容效果好,能满足患者极高的美容要求,做好围手术期护理,能保证手术顺利完成,促进患者早日康复。
