于桥库区周边农村有机废弃物的无组织排放对水库的TN、TP的贡献率较高,分别占外部输入的44.8%和19.5%,同时也是温室气体排放源。以蓟县姚白庄村为实验基地,利用清洁生产机制(Clean Development Mechanism,CDM)项目,采用有机质厌氧消化的工艺,进行了日处理规模为55t的农村生物质能利用工程的效能分析。结果表明,姚白庄区内污染物COD减排量为62.1t·a-1,BOD减排量为27.8t·a-1,NH3-N减排量为37.0t·a-1,TP减排量为1.8t·a-1,TN减排量为15.6t·a-1。根据CO2、CH4和N2O3种温室气体的监测结果,得出该项目可以使农村地区温室气体减排效率提高到68%。
The effects of nitrogen （N） availability and tree species on the dynamics of carbon and nitrogen at early stage of decomposition of forest litter were studied in a 13-week laboratory incubation experiment. Fresh litter samples including needle litter （Pinus koraiensis） and two types of broadleaf litters （Quercus mongolica and Tilia amurensis） were collected from a broadleaf-korean pine mixed forest in the northern slope of Changbai Mountain （China）. Different doses of N （equal to 0, 30 and 50 kg.ha^-1yr^-1, respectively, as NH4NO3） were added to litter during the experiment period. The litter decomposition rate expressed as mass loss and respiration rate increased significantly with increasing N availability. The mass loss and cumulative CO2-C emission were higher in leaf litter compared to that in needle litter. The dis- solved organic Carbon （DOC） concentrations in litter leachate varied widely between the species, but were not greatly affected by N treatments. Regardless of the N addition rate, both N treatments and species had no significant effect on dissolved organic N （DON） concentrations in litter leachate. About 52-78% of added N was retained in the litter. The percentage of N retention was positively correlated （R^2=0.9 1, p〈0.05） with the litter mass loss. This suggested that a forest floor with easily decomposed litter might have higher potential N sink strength than that with more slowly decomposed litter.
