Finely divided silver nanoparticles were synthesized via the hydrothermal method. Arabic gum （AG） was used as both the reductant and steric stabilizer without any other surfactant. By adjusting the reaction temperature, mass ratio of AG to AgNO3, and reaction time, silver nanoparticles with different morphological characteristics could be obtained. The products were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, TEM, SEM, and XRD measurements. It was found that temperature and AG played an important role in the synthesis of mono-disperse silver nanoparticles. Well dispersed and quasispherical silver nanoparticles were obtained under the optimal synthesis conditions of 10 mmol/L AgNO3, m（AG）/m（AgN03）= l：1, 160 ℃ and 3 h.
采用分步还原法制备银粉,即以硝酸银为银源,硼氢化钠为还原剂制备出晶种,然后还原硝酸银制备银粉,通过扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射分析,研究还原剂的种类、晶种数量、溶液体系中还原剂的浓度及硝酸银浓度对银粉形貌和粒径的影响。结果表明:采用强还原剂制备的银粉团聚严重,粒径不均匀;当体系中还原剂浓度太小(0.05 mol/L)或太大(0.25 mol/L)时,银粉粒径很小,团聚严重;当加入的晶种数量较少时(1 m L),银粉粒径不均匀,而当晶种数量较大(3 m L)时,银粉粒径很小,团聚严重;随硝酸银的浓度从0.05 mol/L增加到0.20 mol/L,银粉粒径先增大后减小。采用还原性较弱的抗坏血酸为还原剂,晶种体积为2 m L,体系中C6H8O6和Ag NO3的浓度均为0.15 mol/L时,制备出表面光滑、分散性较好、粒径均匀、粒度为1.5μm的球形银粉。
