高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染是宫颈癌发生的主要致病因素,尤其是HPV16和HPV18型与宫颈癌的发生密切相关。本文综述了高危型HPV的流行病学特征,分析了不同地区和人群中HPV基因型的分布及其易感性差异。HPV疫苗接种和宫颈癌筛查是预防HPV感染、减少宫颈癌发生的主要策略。全球范围内HPV疫苗的推广显著降低了高危型HPV感染的流行率,对宫颈癌防治具有重要意义。此外,本文还强调了在高危人群中开展早期筛查和定期干预的重要性,突出了这些措施在促进早期诊断和减少疾病负担方面的积极作用。High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer, with HPV types 16 and 18 being particularly closely linked to its development. This review explores the epidemiology of high-risk HPV, focusing on the distribution of HPV genotypes and variations in susceptibility across different regions and populations. HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening are the primary strategies for preventing HPV infections and reducing the incidence of cervical cancer. The global expansion of HPV vaccination has significantly reduced the prevalence of high-risk HPV infections, with important implications for cervical cancer prevention and control. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the critical role of early screening and regular interventions in high-risk groups, highlighting their impact on improving early diagnosis and reducing the overall disease burden.
