Shang Yang made preparations for the reform focusing on two aspects. On one hand, he communicated and negotiated with Duke Xiao(the governor of State Qin) three times and gained Duke Xiao's support and trust. On the other hand, Shang Yang and Duke Xiao collaborated to negotiate with the conservatives and cleared off obstructions. This essay concentrates on the strategies and tactics of which took advantage by Shang Yang. In the end, there is some consideration about the reform performed by Wang Anshi and the ongoing reform from 1978.
