From cultural point of view,there are two methods in translation:adaptation which is TL culture-oriented and alienation which is SL culture-oriented.What this article tries to prove is that each of them has its own strong and weak points,which leads to the conclusion that both methods are justified in their existence.And last,some points for attention are suggested for translation,which include the relationship between SL and TL,the type of texts and the translator's purpose.
Learner belief is attracting growing attention since it is regarded as one element of individual difference which account for learners' different achievements in second language learning. This article gives a review o studies of learner belief about second language learning concerning its properties, classifications, and majo approaches to investigation. Based on the review, the importance of the research in the field is emphasized.
